中国社交礼仪速成：称呼、送礼与餐桌文化 | Chinese Social Etiquette: Greetings, Gifts & Dining

称呼礼仪 / How to Address People

中国人通常姓在前名在后。正式场合称"姓+职务"（王经理、李老师）。不确定职务时，称"先生/女士"（Xiansheng/Nvshi）最安全。年长者可称"叔叔/阿姨"表示亲切尊重。直接叫名字仅限于朋友之间。

Chinese names have family name first, given name second. In formal settings use "surname + title" (Wang Jingli / Manager Wang, Li Laoshi / Teacher Li). When unsure of title, "Xiansheng" (Mr.) or "Nvshi" (Ms.) is safest. For elders, "Shushu" (uncle) or "Ayi" (auntie) shows warm respect. First names are only for friends.

送礼文化 / Gift-Giving Culture

送礼禁忌：不送钟表（"送终"谐音）、不送梨（"离"谐音）、不送绿帽子（暗指配偶不忠）、白色包装纸（丧事用色）。红包金额避开4（谐音"死"），常用6/8/9结尾。好礼物：茶叶、水果礼盒、家乡特产。收到礼物通常不当面拆开。

Gift taboos: never give clocks (sounds like "funeral"), pears (sounds like "separation"), green hats (implies infidelity), or white wrapping (funeral color). Red envelope amounts avoid 4 (sounds like "death"), prefer ending in 6/8/9. Good gifts: tea, fruit boxes, local specialties. Recipients usually don't open gifts in front of the giver.

餐桌文化 / Dining Etiquette

主人坐面对门的位置，客人坐主人左侧（最尊贵位置）。主人先动筷、先敬酒。碰杯时晚辈或下属的杯沿应低于长辈。吃饭时不要把筷子插在饭里（像上香）。转桌菜先让长辈和客人夹。AA制在朋友间普遍，但商务宴请由邀请方买单。

Host sits facing the door, guest of honor to the host's left. Host picks up chopsticks and offers first toast. When clinking glasses, the younger person's glass rim should be lower. Never stick chopsticks upright in rice (resembles incense for the dead). At lazy susan tables, let elders and guests serve first. Splitting the bill is common among friends, but business dinners are paid by the host.

其他实用礼节 / Other Useful Tips

微信是社交核心——加微信比换名片更重要。见面握手而非拥抱。拍照前先征求同意。寺庙里不要用手指指佛像。进入少数民族地区尊重当地风俗（如藏区不踩门槛）。